King Richard, then aged 14, retreated to the safety of the Tower of London, but most of the royal forces were abroad or in northern England. They were met at Blackheath by representatives of the royal government, who unsuccessfully attempted to persuade them to return home. Inspired by the sermons of the radical cleric John Ball and led by Wat Tyler, a contingent of Kentish rebels advanced on London. The rebels sought a reduction in taxation, an end to serfdom, and the removal of King Richard II's senior officials and law courts.
A wide spectrum of rural society, including many local artisans and village officials, rose up in protest, burning court records and opening the local prisons. His attempts to collect unpaid poll taxes in Brentwood ended in a violent confrontation, which rapidly spread across the southeast of the country. The final trigger for the revolt was the intervention of a royal official, John Bampton, in Essex on. The revolt had various causes, including the socio-economic and political tensions generated by the Black Death in the 1340s, the high taxes resulting from the conflict with France during the Hundred Years' War, and instability within the local leadership of London. The Peasants' Revolt, also named Wat Tyler's Rebellion or the Great Rising, was a major uprising across large parts of England in 1381.
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